This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, so I have heard: "There are these three roots of what is unskillful. Which three? Greed as a root of what is unskillful, aversion as a root of what is unskillful, delusion as a root of what is unskillful. These are the three roots of what is unskillful."

Greed, aversion, delusion destroy
the self-same person of evil mind
from whom they are born,
	like the fruiting
of the bamboo.

This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, so I have heard: "There are these three properties. Which three? The property of form, the property of formlessness, & the property of cessation.1 These are the three properties."

Comprehending the property of form,
not taking a stance in the formless,
those released in cessation
are people who've left death		behind.

Having touched with his body
the deathless
property		free
from acquisitions,
having realized the relinquishing
of acquisitions,
	fermentation-free,
the Rightly
Self-awakened One
teaches the state
		with	no sorrow,
			no dust.

This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, so I have heard: "There are these three feelings. Which three? A feeling of pleasure, a feeling of pain, a feeling of neither pleasure nor pain. These are the three feelings."

	Centered,
	mindful,
	alert,
the Awakened One's
	disciple
discerns feelings,
how feelings come into play,
where they cease,
& the path to their ending.

With the ending of feelings, a monk
free of want
	is totally unbound.

This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, so I have heard: "There are these three feelings. Which three? A feeling of pleasure, a feeling of pain, a feeling of neither pleasure nor pain. A feeling of pleasure should be seen as stressful. A feeling of pain should be seen as an arrow. A feeling of neither pleasure nor pain should be seen as inconstant. When a monk has seen a feeling of pleasure as stressful, a feeling of pain as an arrow, and a feeling of neither pleasure nor pain as inconstant, then he is called a monk who is noble, who has seen rightly, who has cut off craving, destroyed the fetters, and who — from the right breaking-through of conceit — has put an end to suffering & stress."

Whoever sees
		pleasure as stress,
sees	pain as an arrow,
sees	peaceful neither-pleasure-nor-pain
		as inconstant:
	he is a monk
	who's seen rightly.
	From that he is there set free.
		A master of direct knowing,
			at peace,
		he is a sage
		gone beyond bonds.

This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, so I have heard: "There are these three searches. Which three? The search for sensuality, the search for becoming, the search for a holy life. These are the three searches."

	Centered,
	mindful,
	alert,
the Awakened One's
	disciple
discerns searches,
how searches come into play,
where they cease,
& the path to their ending.

With the ending of searches, a monk
free of want
	is totally unbound.

This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, so I have heard: "There are these three searches. Which three? The search for sensuality, the search for becoming, the search for a holy life. These are the three searches."

Sensual search, becoming-search,
together with the holy-life search — 
	i.e., grasping at truth
	based on an accumulation
		of viewpoints:
through the relinquishing of searches
& the abolishing of viewpoints
	of one dispassionate to
		all passion,
	and released in the ending
		of craving,
through the ending of searches, the monk
	is devoid of perplexity &
			desire.

This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, so I have heard: "There are these three fermentations. Which three? The fermentation of sensuality, the fermentation of becoming, the fermentation of ignorance. These are the three fermentations."

	Centered,
	mindful,
	alert,
the Awakened One's disciple
discerns fermentations,
how fermentations come into play,
where they cease,
& the path to their ending.

With the ending of fermentations, a monk
free of want
	is totally unbound.

This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, so I have heard: "There are these three fermentations. Which three? The fermentation of sensuality, the fermentation of becoming, the fermentation of ignorance. These are the three fermentations."

His fermentation of sensuality
	ended,
his ignorance
	washed away,
his fermentation of becoming
	exhausted:
one totally released, acquisition-free,
	bears his last body,
having conquered Mara
	along with his mount.

This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, so I have heard: "There are these three cravings. Which three? Craving for sensuality, craving for becoming, craving for non-becoming. These are the three cravings."

Bound with the bondage of craving,
their minds smitten
with becoming & non-,
they are bound 	with the bondage of Mara — 
people		with no safety from bondage,
beings		going through the wandering-on,
	headed for birth & death.

While those who've abandoned craving,
free from the craving for becoming & non-,
reaching the ending of fermentations,
	though in the world,
	have gone		beyond.

This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, so I have heard: "Endowed with three qualities a monk has passed beyond Mara's domain and shines like the sun. Which three? There is the case where a monk is endowed with the aggregate of virtue of one beyond training [i.e., an arahant], the aggregate of concentration of one beyond training, the aggregate of discernment of one beyond training. Endowed with these three qualities a monk has passed beyond Mara's domain and shines like the sun."

Virtue, concentration, discernment:
one in whom these are well-developed,
passing beyond Mara's domain,
	shines, shines
	like the sun.

This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, so I have heard: "There are these three grounds for meritorious activity. Which three? The ground for meritorious activity made of giving, the ground for meritorious activity made of virtue, and the ground for meritorious activity made of development [meditation]. These are the three grounds for meritorious activity."

Train in acts of merit
that bring long-lasting bliss — 
develop giving,
	a life in tune,
	a mind of good-will.
Developing these
three things
that bring about bliss,
	the wise reappear
	in a world of bliss
unalloyed.

This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, so I have heard: "There are these three eyes. Which three? The eye of flesh, the divine eye [clairvoyance], & the eye of discernment. These are the three eyes."

	The eye of flesh,
	the eye divine,
	the eye of discernment
	unsurpassed:
these three eyes were taught
by the Superlative Person.
The arising of the eye of flesh
is the path to the eye divine.
When knowledge arises,
the eye of discernment unsurpassed:
	whoever gains this eye
	is — from all suffering & stress — 
			set free.

This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, so I have heard: "There are these three faculties. Which three? The faculty of 'I am about to know what is not yet finally known,' the faculty of final knowledge, the faculty of one who has finally known.1 These are the three faculties."

For a learner in training
	along the straight path:
	first, the knowledge of ending;
	then,	immediately,
		gnosis;
	then, from the ending
	of the fetter — becoming — 
	there's the knowledge,
		the gnosis of	one released
 				who is Such:
 				
One consummate in these faculties,
 		peaceful,
 	enjoying the peaceful state,
 		bears his last body,
 	having conquered Mara
 		along with his mount.

This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, so I have heard: "There are these three times. Which three? Past time, future time, & present time. These are the three times."

Perceiving in terms of signs, beings
	take a stand on signs.
Not fully comprehending signs, they
	come into the bonds
			of death.
But fully comprehending signs, one
doesn't construe a signifier.
Touching liberation with the heart,
	the state of peace unsurpassed,
	consummate in terms of signs,
		peaceful,
		enjoying the peaceful state,
		judicious,
	an attainer-of wisdom
		makes use	of classifications
		but can't	be classified.

This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, so I have heard: "There are these three kinds of misconduct. Which three? Bodily misconduct, verbal misconduct, mental misconduct.1 These are the three kinds of misconduct."

Having engaged
	in bodily misconduct,
	verbal misconduct,
	misconduct of mind,
	or whatever else is flawed,
not having done what is skillful,
having done much that is not,
at the break-up of the body,
the undiscerning one reappears in
		hell.

This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, so I have heard: "There are these three kinds of good conduct. Which three? Bodily good conduct, verbal good conduct, mental good conduct. These are the three kinds of good conduct."

Having abandoned
	bodily misconduct,
	verbal misconduct,
	misconduct of mind,
	& whatever else is flawed,
not having done what's not skillful,
having done much that is,
at the break-up of the body,
the discerning one reappears
		in heaven.

This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, so I have heard: "There are these three kinds of cleanliness. Which three? Bodily cleanliness, verbal cleanliness, mental cleanliness. These are the three kinds of cleanliness."

	Clean in body,
	clean in speech,
	clean in awareness
— fermentation-free — 
	one who is clean,
consummate in cleanliness,
	is said to have abandoned
		the All.

This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, so I have heard: "There are these three forms of sagacity. Which three? Bodily sagacity, verbal sagacity, & mental sagacity. These are the three forms of sagacity."

A sage in body, a sage in speech,
a sage in mind, fermentation-free:
a sage consummate		in sagacity
is said to be bathed		of evil.

This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, so I have heard: "Anyone whose passion is unabandoned, whose aversion is unabandoned, whose delusion is unabandoned is said to have gone over to Mara's camp, has come under Mara's power. The Evil One can do with that person as he likes. But anyone whose passion is abandoned, whose aversion is abandoned, whose delusion is abandoned is said not to have gone over to Mara's camp, has thrown off Mara's power. With that person, the Evil One cannot do as he likes."

One whose passion, aversion, & ignorance
	are washed away,
is said to be
composed in mind,
	Brahma-become,
	awakened, Tathagata,
	one for whom fear & hostility
		are past,
	one who's abandoned
		the All.

This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, so I have heard: "Anyone — monk or nun — in whom passion is unabandoned, aversion is unabandoned, & delusion is unabandoned, is said not to have crossed the ocean with its waves, breakers, & whirlpools, its monsters & demons.1 Anyone — monk or nun — in whom passion is abandoned, aversion is abandoned, & delusion is abandoned, is said to have crossed the ocean with its waves, breakers, & whirlpools, its monsters & demons. Having crossed over, having reached the far shore, he/she stands on high ground, a brahman."

One whose passion, aversion, & ignorance
	are washed away,
has crossed over this ocean
with its sharks,
		demons,
dangerous waves,
	so hard to cross.

Free from acquisitions
	— bonds surmounted,
	death abandoned — 
he has abandoned stress
with no further becoming.

Having gone to the goal
he	is undefined,
	has outwitted, I tell you,
		the King of Death.

This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, so I have heard: "I have seen beings who — endowed with bodily misconduct, verbal misconduct, & mental misconduct; who reviled noble ones, held wrong views and undertook actions under the influence of wrong views — at the break-up of the body, after death, have re-appeared in the plane of deprivation, the bad destination, the lower realms, in hell. It is not from having heard this from other priests & contemplatives that I tell you that I have seen beings who — endowed with bodily misconduct, verbal misconduct, & mental misconduct; who reviled noble ones, held wrong views and undertook actions under the influence of wrong views — at the break-up of the body, after death, have re-appeared in the plane of deprivation, the bad destination, the lower realms, in hell. It is from having known it myself, seen it myself, realized it myself that I tell you that I have seen beings who — endowed with bodily misconduct, verbal misconduct, & mental misconduct; who reviled noble ones, held wrong views and undertook actions under the influence of wrong views — at the break-up of the body, after death, have re-appeared in the plane of deprivation, the bad destination, the lower realms, in hell."

With mind wrongly directed,
speaking wrong speech,
doing wrong deeds with the body:
	a person here
of little learning,
a doer of evil
	here in this life so short,
at the break-up of the body,
	undiscerning,
	reappears in hell.

This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, so I have heard: "I have seen beings who — endowed with bodily good conduct, verbal good conduct, & mental good conduct; who did not revile noble ones, who held right views and undertook actions under the influence of right views — at the break-up of the body, after death, have re-appeared in the good destination, the heavenly world. It is not from having heard this from other priests & contemplatives that I tell you that I have seen beings who — endowed with bodily good conduct, verbal good conduct, & mental good conduct; who did not revile noble ones, who held right views and undertook actions under the influence of right views — at the break-up of the body, after death, have re-appeared in the good destination, the heavenly world. It is from having known it myself, seen it myself, realized it myself that I tell you that I have seen beings who — endowed with bodily good conduct, verbal good conduct, & mental good conduct; who did not revile noble ones, who held right views and undertook actions under the influence of right views — at the break-up of the body, after death, have re-appeared in the good destination, the heavenly world. "

With mind rightly directed,
speaking right speech,
doing right deeds with the body:
	a person here
of much learning,
a doer of merit
	here in this life so short,
at the break-up of the body,
	discerning,
	reappears in heaven.

This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, so I have heard: "There are these three properties for escape. Which three? This is the escape from sensuality: renunciation.1 This is the escape from form: formlessness. And as for whatever has come into being, is fabricated & dependently co-arisen, the escape from that is cessation. These are the three properties for escape."

Knowing the escape from sensuality,
& the overcoming of forms
	— ardent
	always — 
touching the stilling
of all fabrications:
		he is a monk
who's seen rightly.

From that he is there set free.
	A master of direct knowing,
			at peace,
	he is a sage
	gone beyond bonds.

This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, so I have heard: "Formless phenomena are more peaceful than forms; cessation, more peaceful than formless phenomena."

Those beings headed to forms,
and those standing in the formless,
with no knowledge of cessation,
return to further becoming.
But, comprehending form,
not taking a stance in formless things,
those released in cessation
are people who've left death	behind.

Having touched with his body
the deathless property	free
from acquisitions,
having realized relinquishing
of acquisitions,
	fermentation-free,
the Rightly Self-awakened One
teaches the state
		with	no sorrow,
			no dust.

This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, so I have heard: "There are these three types of sons & daughters existing in the world. Which three? One of heightened birth, one of similar birth, one of lowered birth.

This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, so I have heard: "These three types of persons can be found existing in the world. Which three? One like a cloud without rain, one who rains locally, and one who rains everywhere.

This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, so I have heard: "Aspiring to these three forms of bliss, a wise person should guard his virtue. Which three? [Thinking,] 'May praise come to me,' a wise person should guard his virtue. [Thinking,] 'May wealth come to me,' a wise person should guard his virtue. [Thinking,] 'At the break-up of the body, after death, may I reappear in a good destination, in heaven,' a wise person should guard his virtue. Aspiring to these three forms of bliss, a wise person should guard his virtue."

	Intelligent,
you should guard your virtue,
aspiring to three forms of bliss:
	praise;
	the obtaining of wealth;
	and, after death, rejoicing
in heaven.

Even if you do no evil
but seek out one who does,
you're suspected of evil.
Your bad reputation
	grows.
	The sort of person you make a friend,
	the sort you seek out,
that's the sort you yourself become — 
for your living together is of
	that sort.

The one associated with,
the one who associates,
the one who's touched,
the one who touches another
	— like an arrow smeared with poison — 
contaminates the quiver.
So, fearing contamination, the enlightened
should not be comrades
with evil people.

A man who wraps rotting fish
in a blade of kusa grass
makes the grass smelly:
	so it is
	if you seek out fools.
But a man who wraps powdered incense
in the leaf of a tree
makes the leaf fragrant:
	so it is
	if you seek out
	the enlightened.

	So,
knowing your own outcome
as like the leaf-wrapper's,
you shouldn't seek out
those who aren't good.
The wise would associate
with those who are.
Those who aren't good
lead you to hell.
The good help you reach
a good destination.

This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, so I have heard: "This body falls apart; consciousness is subject to fading; all acquisitions are inconstant, stressful, subject to change."

Knowing the body		as falling apart,
& consciousness		as dissolving away,
seeing the danger		in acquisitions,
	you've gone beyond
	birth & death.
Having reached the foremost peace,
	you bide your time,
		composed.

This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, so I have heard: "It is in accordance with their properties that beings come together & associate with one another. Beings of low dispositions come together & associate with beings of low dispositions. Beings of admirable dispositions come together & associate with beings of admirable dispositions. In the past, it was in accordance with their properties that beings came together & associated with one another... In the future, it will be in accordance with their properties that beings will come together & associate with one another... And now at present, it is in accordance with their properties that beings come together & associate with one another. Beings of low dispositions come together & associate with beings of low dispositions. Beings of admirable dispositions come together & associate with beings of admirable dispositions."

This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, so I have heard: "These three things lead to the falling away of a monk in training. Which three? There is the case where a monk in training enjoys activity,1 delights in activity, is intent on his enjoyment of activity. He enjoys chatter, delights in chatter, is intent on his enjoyment of chatter. He enjoys sleep, delights in sleep, is intent on his enjoyment of sleep. These are the three things that lead to the falling away of a monk in training.

"These three things lead to the non-falling away of a monk in training. Which three? There is the case where a monk in training doesn't enjoy activity, doesn't delight in activity, isn't intent on his enjoyment of activity. He doesn't enjoy chatter, doesn't delight in chatter, isn't intent on his enjoyment of chatter. He doesn't enjoy sleep, doesn't delight in sleep, isn't intent on his enjoyment of sleep. These are the three things that lead to the non-falling away of a monk in training."

Enjoying activity,
delighting in chatter,
enjoying sleep,
& restless:
	he's incapable
	— a monk like this — 
	of touching superlative
self-awakening.
So he should be a man of few duties,
of little sloth,
not restless.
	He's capable
	— a monk like this — 
	of touching superlative
self-awakening.

Tỷ-kheo thích công việc,
Thích thú trong nói chuyện,
Và ưa thích nằm ngủ,
Sống dao động trạo cử;
Vị Tỷ-kheo như vậy,
Không thể nào chứng ngộ,
Chứng Bồ-đề tối thượng,
Do vậy, đối vị ấy,
Cần phải ít công việc,
Phải ít sự nằm ngủ,
Không được có tháo động,
Vị Tỷ-kheo như vậy,
Mới có thể chứng được,
Chứng tối thượng Bồ-đề.