§ 28. {Iti 2.1; Iti 22}This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, so I have heard: "Endowed with two things, a monk lives in stress in the present life — troubled, distressed, & feverish — and at the break-up of the body, after death, a bad destination can be expected. Which two? A lack of guarding of the doors of the sense faculties, and knowing no moderation in food. Endowed with these two things, a monk lives in stress in the present life — troubled, distressed, & feverish — and at the break-up of the body, after death, a bad destination can be expected." Eye & ear & nose, tongue & body & mind: when a monk leaves these doors unguarded — knowing no moderation in food, not restraining his senses — he experiences stress: stress in body, stress in mind. Burning in body burning in mind, whether by day or by night, he lives in suffering & stress. |
§ 28. {Iti 2.1; Iti 22}Điều này đă được Thế Tôn nói đến, đă được bậc A-la-hán nói đến, và tôi đă được nghe:Này các Tỷ-kheo, Tỷ-kheo đầy đủ hai pháp, ngay trong hiện tại, an trú đau khổ có hoạn nạn, có ưu năo, có nhiệt năo, sau khi thân hoại mạng chung, chờ đợi là ác thú. Thế nào là hai? Không hộ tŕ các căn và không tiết độ trong ăn uống. Này các Tỷ-kheo, Tỷ-kheo đầy đủ hai pháp này, ngay trong hiện tại an trú đau khổ, có hoạn nạn, có ưu năo, có nhiệt năo, sau khi thân hoại mạng chung, chờ đợi là ác thú. Thế Tôn đă nói lên ư nghĩa này. Ở đây, điều này được nói đến. Mắt, tai, mũi và lưỡi, Kể cả thân và ư, Những cửa này ở đây, Tỷ-kheo không hộ tŕ,ăn uống không tiết độ, Đau khổ về thân thể, Các căn không hộ tŕ, Đau khổ về tâm tư Vị ấy phải thọ lănh Những đau khổ như vậy, Thân thể bị thiêu đốt, Tâm tư bị thiêu đốt, Dầu là đêm hay ngày, An trú khổ như vậy. Ư nghĩa này được Thế Tôn nói đến, và tôi đă được nghe. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
§ 29. {Iti 2.2; Iti 23}This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, so I have heard: "Endowed with two things, a monk lives in ease in the present life — untroubled, undistressed, & unfeverish — and at the break-up of the body, after death, a good destination can be expected. Which two? A guarding of the doors of the sense faculties, and knowing moderation in food. Endowed with these two things, a monk lives in ease in the present life — untroubled, undistressed, & unfeverish — and at the break-up of the body, after death, a good destination can be expected." Eye & ear & nose, tongue & body & mind: when a monk has these doors well guarded — knowing moderation in food, restraining his senses — he experiences ease: ease in body, ease in mind. Not burning in body, not burning in mind, whether by day or by night, he lives in ease. |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
§ 30. {Iti 2.3; Iti 24}This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, so I have heard: "There are these two things that cause remorse. Which two? There is the case of the person who has not done what is admirable, has not done what is skillful, has not given protection to those in fear, and instead has done what is evil, savage, & cruel. Thinking, 'I have not done what is admirable,' he feels remorse. Thinking, 'I have done what is evil,' he feels remorse. These are the two things that cause remorse."
Having engaged
in bodily misconduct,
verbal misconduct,
misconduct of mind,1
or whatever else is flawed,
not having done what is skillful,
having done much that is not,
at the break-up of the body,
the undiscerning one reappears in
hell.
|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
§ 31. {Iti 2.4; Iti 25}This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, so I have heard: "There are these two things that cause no remorse. Which two? There is the case of the person who has done what is admirable, has done what is skillful, has given protection to those in fear, and has done nothing that is evil, savage, or cruel. Thinking, 'I have done what is admirable,' he feels no remorse. Thinking, 'I have not done what is evil,' he feels no remorse. These are the two things that cause no remorse." Having abandoned bodily misconduct, verbal misconduct, misconduct of mind, & whatever else is flawed, not having done what's not skillful, having done much that is, at the break-up of the body, the discerning one reappears in heaven. |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
§ 32. {Iti 2.5; Iti 26}This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, so I have heard: "Endowed with two things, a person — as if carried off — is thus placed in hell. Which two? Evil habits & evil views. Endowed with these two things, a person — as if carried off — is thus placed in hell."
Evil habits &
evil views:1
a person, undiscerning,
endowed with these two things,
at the break-up of the body
reappears in hell.
Note 1. MN 117 gives the following example of an evil view: "There is nothing given, nothing offered, nothing sacrificed. There is no fruit or result of good or bad actions. There is no this world, no next world, no mother, no father, no spontaneously reborn beings; no priests or contemplatives who, faring rightly &practicing rightly, proclaim this world & the next after having directly known & realized it for themselves." |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
§ 33. {Iti 2.6; Iti 26}This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, so I have heard: "Endowed with two things, a person — as if carried off — is thus placed in heaven. Which two? Auspicious habits & auspicious views. Endowed with these two things, a person — as if carried off — is thus placed in heaven." Auspicious habits & auspicious views: a person, discerning, endowed with these two things, at the break-up of the body reappears in heaven. |
h4>§ 33. {Iti 2.6; Iti 26}
This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, so I have heard: "A person without ardor, without concern [for the results of doing evil], is incapable of self-awakening, incapable of Unbinding, incapable of attaining the unsurpassed safety from bondage. A person ardent & concerned is capable of self-awakening, capable of Unbinding, capable of attaining the unsurpassed safety from bondage."
This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, so I have heard: "Monks, this holy life is lived, not for the sake of deceiving people, not for the sake of inveigling people, not for the sake of the rewards of gain, offerings, & tribute, nor with the thought, 'Thus may people know me.' This holy life is lived for the sake of restraint & abandoning." Note 1. "Not handed down": not derived from an ancient tradition, and not dependent on ancient tradition for its authority.
This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, so I have heard: "Monks, this holy life is lived, not for the sake of deceiving people, not for the sake of inveigling people, not for the sake of the rewards of gain, offerings, & tribute, nor with the thought, 'Thus may people know me.' This holy life is lived for the sake of direct knowledge1 & full comprehension."
Note 1. Direct knowledge = abhiñña. The Canon lists six types of abhiñña: psychic powers, clairaudience, the ability to read the minds of others, recollection of past lives, clairvoyance, and — most important of all — knowledge of the ending of the mental fermentations.
This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, so I have heard: "Endowed with two things, a monk lives in ease in the present life and is appropriately aroused for the ending of the fermentations. Which two? A sense of urgency & awe toward things that should inspire urgency & awe1 and, feeling urgency & awe, appropriate exertion. Endowed with two things, a monk lives in ease in the present life and is appropriately aroused for the ending of the fermentations."
Note 1. Urgency & awe = samvega. Other meanings for this term include shock, dismay, & alienation. In the Pali canon, this emotion is often accompanied by fear and a sensed need to escape from overwhelming danger. The things that should inspire urgency & awe are the first four of the five reflections listed in AN 5.57: "I am subject to aging, have not gone beyond aging. I am subject to illness, have not gone beyond illness. I am subject to death, have not gone beyond death. I will grow different, separate from all that is dear & appealing to me." Appropriate exertion is indicated by the fifth reflection: "I am the owner of my actions, heir to my actions, born of my actions, related through my actions, and have by actions as my arbitrator. Whatever I do, for good or for evil, to that will I fall heir."
This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, so I have heard: "Two trains of thought often occur to the Tathagata, worthy & rightly self-awakened: the thought of safety & that of seclusion.
"The Tathagata enjoys non-ill will, delights in non-ill will. To him — enjoying non-ill will, delighting in non-ill will — this thought often occurs: 'By this activity I harm no one at all, whether weak or firm.'
Này các Tỷ-kheo, Như Lai ưa thích không làm hại, thích thú không làm hại. Với Như Lai ấy, này các Tỷ-kheo, ưa thích không làm hại này, thích thú không làm hại này, tầm tứ này được hành tŕ nhiều. "Với cử chỉ uy nghi này Ta không làm hại một ai, dầu là loài động vật hay không động vật". "The Tathagata enjoys seclusion, delights in seclusion. To him — enjoying seclusion, delighting in seclusion — this thought often occurs: 'Whatever is unskillful is abandoned.'
Này các Tỷ-kheo, Như Lai ưa thích ẩn dật, thích thú ẩn dật. Với Như Lai ấy, này các Tỷ-kheo, ưa thích ẩn dật này, thích thú ẩn dật. Với Như Lai ấy, này các Tỷ-kheo, ưa thích ẩn dật này, thích thú ẩn dật này, tầm tứ này được hành tŕ nhiều! Phàm có bất thiện ǵ, th́ đều được đoạn tận. "Thus, monks, you too should live enjoying non-ill will, delighting in non-ill will. To you — enjoying non-ill will, delighting in non-ill will — this thought will often occur: 'By this activity we harm no one at all, whether weak or firm.'
Do vậy, này các Tỷ-kheo, các Thầy hăy an trú, hân hoan trong không làm hại, thích thú trong không làm hại. Này các Tỷ-kheo, với các Thầy an trú, hân hoan trong không làm hại, thích thú trong không làm hại, tầm tứ này sẽ được hành tŕ nhiều. "Với cử chỉ uy nghi này, chúng ta không làm hại một ai, dầu là loài động vật hay không động vật". "You too should live enjoying seclusion, delighting in seclusion. To you — enjoying seclusion, delighting in seclusion — this thought will often occur: 'What is unskillful? What is not yet abandoned? What are we abandoning?'"
Này các Tỷ-kheo, hăy an trú hân hoan trong ẩn dật, thích thú trong ẩn dật. Này các Tỷ-kheo, với các Thầy an trú hân hoan trong ẩn dật, thích thú trong ẩn dật, tầm tứ này sẽ được hành tŕ nhiều. C̣n có ǵ bất thiện, c̣n có ǵ chưa đoạn tận, c̣n có ǵ chúng ta phải từ bỏ nữa đâu?
Thế Tôn đă nói lên ư nghĩa này. Ở đây, điều này được nói đến.
This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, so I have heard: "The Tathagata — worthy & rightly self-awakened — has two Dhamma discourses given in sequence. Which two? 'See evil as evil.' This is the first Dhamma discourse. 'Having seen evil as evil, become disenchanted there, dispassionate there, released.' This is the second Dhamma discourse. These are the two Dhamma discourses that the Tathagata — worthy & rightly self-awakened — has given in sequence."
This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, so I have heard: "Ignorance1 precedes the arrival of unskillful qualities; lack of conscience & lack of concern2 follow after. Clear knowing precedes the arrival of skillful qualities; conscience & concern follow after."
This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, so I have heard: "Those beings are truly deprived who are deprived of noble discernment. They live in stress in the present life — troubled, distressed, & feverish — and at the break-up of the body, after death, a bad destination can be expected.
"Those beings are not deprived who are not deprived of noble discernment. They live in ease in the present life — untroubled, undistressed, & not feverish — and at the break-up of the body, after death, a good destination can be expected.
Này các Tỷ-kheo, những chúng sanh nào không bị thối đọa khỏi Thánh trí tuệ, những chúng sanh ấy không có thối đọa. Ngay trong hiện tại, họ an trú trong an lạc, không có tàn hại, không có ưu năo, không có nhiệt năo. Sau khi thân hoại mạng chung, chờ đợi là thiện thú.
Thế Tôn đă nói lên ư nghĩa này. Ở đây, điều này được nói đến.
This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, so I have heard: "There are these two bright qualities that safeguard the world. Which two? Conscience & concern (for the results of unskillful actions). If these two bright qualities did not guard the world, there would be no recognition of 'mother' here, no recognition of 'mother's sister,' 'uncle's wife,' 'teacher's wife,' or 'wife of those who deserve respect.' The world would be immersed in promiscuity, like rams with goats, roosters with pigs, or dogs with jackals. But because these two bright qualities guard the world, there is recognition of 'mother,' 'mother's sister,' 'uncle's wife,' 'teacher's wife,' & 'wife of those who deserve respect.'"
This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, so I have heard: "There is, monks, an unborn — unbecome — unmade — unfabricated. If there were not that unborn — unbecome — unmade — unfabricated, there would not be the case that emancipation from the born — become — made — fabricated would be discerned. But precisely because there is an unborn — unbecome — unmade — unfabricated, emancipation from the born — become — made — fabricated is thus discerned."
This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, so I have heard: "Monks, there are these two forms of the Unbinding property. Which two? The Unbinding property with fuel remaining, & the Unbinding property with no fuel remaining.
And what is the Unbinding property with fuel remaining? There is the case where a monk is an arahant whose fermentations have ended, who has reached fulfillment, finished the task, laid down the burden, attained the true goal, destroyed the fetter of becoming, and is released through right gnosis. His five sense faculties still remain and, owing to their being intact, he is cognizant of the pleasant & the unpleasant, and is sensitive to pleasure & pain. His ending of passion, aversion, & delusion is termed the Unbinding property with fuel remaining.1
Này các Tỷ-kheo, thế nào là Niết-bàn giới có dư y? Ở đây, này các Tỷ-kheo, Tỷ-kheo là bậc A-la-hán, các lậu hoặc đă tận, Phạm hạnh đă thành, việc nên làm đă làm, đă đặt gánh nặng xuống, đă đạt được mục đích, hữu kiết sử đă diệt, đă giải thoát nhờ chánh trí. Trong vị ấy, năm căn c̣n tồn tại, ngang qua các căn ấy, vị ấy hưởng thọ khả ư, không khả ư v́ rằng tự ngă không có thương hại cảm giác lạc khổ. Với vị ấy, tham diệt, sân diệt, si diệt. Này các Tỷ-kheo, đây gọi là Niết-bàn có dư y.
And what is the Unbinding property with no fuel remaining? There is the case where a monk is an arahant whose fermentations have ended, who has reached fulfillment, finished the task, laid down the burden, attained the true goal, destroyed the fetter of becoming, and is released through right gnosis. For him, all that is sensed, being unrelished, will grow cold right here. This is termed the Unbinding property with no fuel remaining."2
Này các Tỷ-kheo, thế nào là Niết-bàn giới không có dư y? Ở đây, này các Tỷ-kheo, Tỷ-kheo là bậc A-la-hán, các lậu hoặc đă tận, Phạm hạnh đă thành, việc nên làm đă làm, đă đặt gánh nặng xuống, đă đạt được mục đích, hữu kiết sử đă diệt, đă giải thoát nhờ chánh trí. Ở đây, đối vị ấy, mọi cảm thọ đều không có hoan hỷ ưa thích, sẽ được lắng dịu. Này các Tỷ-kheo, đây gọi là Niết-bàn không có dư y. Này các Tỷ-kheo có hai Niết-bàn giới này.
Thế Tôn đă nói lên ư nghĩa này, ở đây điều này được nói đến.
Notes 1, 2. With fuel remaining (sa-upadisesa) and with no fuel remaining (anupadisesa): The analogy here is to a fire. In the first case, the flames are out, but the embers are still glowing. In the second, the fire is so thoroughly out that the embers have grown cold. The "fuel" here is the five aggregates (see the Glossary). While the arahant is still alive, he/she still experiences the five aggregates, but they do not burn with the fires of passion, aversion, or delusion. When the arahant passes away, there is no longer any experience of aggregates here or anywhere else. For a discussion of this point, see The Mind Like Fire Unbound, pp. 21-37. 3. Such (tadi): An adjective to describe one who has attained the goal. It indicates that the person's state is undefinable and not subject to change or influence of any sort.
This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, so I have heard: "Monks, live enjoying aloofness, delighting in aloofness, inwardly committed to awareness-tranquillity, not neglecting jhana, endowed with clear-seeing insight, and frequenting empty buildings. As you live enjoying aloofness, delighting in aloofness, inwardly committed to awareness-tranquillity, not neglecting jhana, endowed with clear-seeing insight, and frequenting empty buildings, then one of two fruits can be expected: either gnosis right in the present life, or — if there be any remnant of clinging-sustenance — non-return."
This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, so I have heard: "Monks, live with the trainings [in heightened virtue, heightened mind, & heightened discernment] as your reward, with discernment uppermost, release the essence, & mindfulness the governing principle. As you live with the trainings as your reward, with discernment uppermost, release the essence, & mindfulness the governing principle, then one of two fruits can be expected: either gnosis right in the present life, or — if there be any remnant of clinging-sustenance — non-return."
This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, so I have heard: "A monk should be wakeful: mindful, alert, centered, sensitive, clear, & calm. And there he should, at the appropriate times, see clearly into skillful mental qualities. For a monk who is wakeful — mindful, alert, centered, sensitive, clear, & calm, seeing clearly, at the appropriate times, into skillful mental qualities — one of two fruits can be expected: either gnosis right in the present life, or — if there be any remnant of clinging-sustenance — non-return."
This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, so I have heard: "Monks, these two are doomed to deprivation, to hell, for not abandoning their conduct. Which two? One who, not living the celibate life, pretends to be one who lives the celibate life; and one who groundlessly accuses one who lives the celibate life perfectly & purely of uncelibate behavior. These are the two who are doomed to deprivation, to hell, for not abandoning their conduct."
This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, so I have heard: "Overcome by two viewpoints, some human & divine beings adhere, other human & divine beings slip right past, while those with vision see.
"And how do some adhere? Human & divine beings enjoy becoming, delight in becoming, are satisfied with becoming. When the Dhamma is being taught for the sake of the cessation of becoming, their minds do not take to it, are not calmed by it, do not settle on it or become resolved on it. This is how some adhere.
"And how do some slip right past? Some, feeling horrified, humiliated, & disgusted with that very becoming, relish non-becoming: 'When this self, at the break-up of the body, after death, perishes & is destroyed, and does not exist after death, that is peaceful, that is exquisite, that is sufficiency!' This is how some slip right past.
"And how do those with vision see? There is the case where a monk sees what has come into being as come into being. Seeing what has come into being as come into being, he practices for disenchantment with what has come into being, dispassion toward what has come into being, cessation of what has come into being. This is how those with vision see."1
Note 1. This discourse illustrates, in a technical fashion, the function of appropriate attention explained in the note to §16. SN 12.15 presents the same point from a different perspective: "This world takes as its object a polarity, that of existence & non-existence. But when one sees the origination of the world (= the six senses and their objects) as it actually is with right discernment, 'non-existence' with reference to the world does not occur to one. When one sees the cessation of the world as it actually is with right discernment, 'existence' with reference to the world does not occur to one. By & large, this world is in bondage to attachments, clingings, & biases. But one such as this does not get involved with or cling to these attachments, clingings, fixations of awareness, biases, or obsessions; nor is he resolved on 'my self.' He has no uncertainty or doubt that, when there is arising, only stress is arising; and that when there is passing away, stress is passing away. In this, his knowledge is independent of others."
|